Internal-combustion engine



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M. WOICULA.

INTERNAL COMBUSTIUN ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov.14, 1919.v

.1,3 42, 368. Patented June 1,1920.

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M. WOICULA.

INTERNAL coMBusTloN ENGINE.

APfLlcATloN man No,v.1.4. 1919.

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MICHAEL `WOICULA, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENG-INE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led November 14, 1919. Serial No.7337,974.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, MICHAEL WoIoULA, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, in the countyof lVayne and ztate of Michigan, have invented new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines and is designed'to operate on the two cycle principle.

One of the main objects inV view is to ob- I tain as high compression of the charges as v desirable without employing crank case comin line with the crank shaft, which is shown exhaust valv pression and the objections incident thereto, at the same time rendering the compression uniform and the efficiency of the engine constant and dependable.

Another object in view is to insure full and uniform charges by providing for increased suction during the intake cycle of the engine.

A still further object in view is to relieve the resistance to the working stroke of the power piston during the most eflicient part of such stroke.

The features above referred to contribute to increased eiiciency, power, smoothness of operation, a steady flow of energy, greater reliability, and a better distribution of the stresses on the working parts of the engine.

With the above and other objects in View, the invention consistsin the'novel construction, combination yand arrangement. herein fully described, illustrated and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 isa vertical transverse section of the engine. Y

Fig. 2 is a'plan view of the same omitting the cylinder head block.:A Y

Fig. 3 is an inclined longitudinalsection in elevation.

Fig. 4f is a top plan view of one battery of cylinders, showing the respective rotary eX-. haust valve. Y.

Fig. 5 is a vertical transversesection onv the line m-m of Fig.` 4. f

Fig. 6 is an inside elevation of one battery of cylinders, showing the respective rotary Fig. 7 is a plan Vview of the cam shaftl housing plate or'cover. i

Fig. 8 is an elevation'of one of the end frame pieces or housing plates.

Fig. 9 is a planview of one of the 'auX- liary pistons. l

Patented une 1, 1920.A

Fig. 10 is a plan view of one of the rocker arms.

Fig. 11 is a plan view ofone of the cross headsfV Fig.`12 is a section through vthe same on the line g/-y/ of Fig. 11.`

In illustrating the present invention, I have shown the principles of the invention applied to an eight cylinder V type engine,

operating on a two cycle principle, therebeing two batteries of cylinders arranged ,at

any suitable Aangle* with "relation to each other and each containing a piston, the pis` tons being all connectedby suitable means:

to a centrally arranged low down common crank shaft.

Referring tothe drawings 1 designates a common crank shaft connected to which are all of the powerpistons hereinafter referred to. The cylinders are arranged in two batteries or series each cylinder being represented by the reference character 2. All of the cylinders have their longitudinal aXes intersecting the center of the common crank shaft 1 as shown for example in Fig. 1. The two batteries of cylinders are preferably ar ranged at an `'angle of forty-five degrees from each other, although this is not essential as the angle between the cylinders may be varied to suit the will of the manufacturer and the purpose for which the engine is designed. Y Y

Each of the cylinders 2 is shown water jacketed as at?) and as containing a single reciprocatory power pistontwhichis vfastened to the outer end of a piston rod 5, said piston rod being connected at itsinner end to a sliding cross head 6. The sliding cross head 6 is in turn connectedl to the crank shaft 1 by means of a connecting 'rod 7, the 4 lsame being connected by avwrist pin or pivot 8 to the'sliding cross'head and by the usualv connectionrod bearing to a crank pin 9 of the crank shaft. The crank shaft 1 is shown as of the four throw type, being provided Y by bevel gears 31 and 32to the crank shaft 1,1 said' shaft l30 being connectedby other bevel with four sets of crank pins 9 arranged at ninety degrees apart. The connecting rods of all of the pistons are attached to the common crank shaft 1 as clearly indicated ink the drawings.

Each of the sliding cross heads is of rec` Vwith iron guides 11 secured to the opposite inner wall of an extension 12 of the inner end of the respective cylinder 2. The extension 12 is preferably formed as an integral part of the engine case 13 and each cylinder is provided at its inner end with aflange 14 by means of which it is bolted to a corresponding flange 15 on the base 13.

Mounted to reciprocate for a limited distance in each cylinder is an auxiliary or suction piston 16 which surrounds the piston rod 5 and isprovided with an internal bearing or bushing 17 of brass or other suitable material to form a tight joint where the piston rod 5 passes through the auxiliary piston 16.v Motion is imparted to all`of the auxiliary pistons by meansof a Vcommon cam shaft 18 which is mounted down in the angle between the two batteries of cylindersv as shown for example in Fig. 1. In connection .with each auxiliary piston, and as a part of the operatingmeans therefor, I employ a rocker arm 19 which is pivotally mounted between its" ends at 20 on the enginev frame andV4 which carries at its inner end a roller 21 which moves in contact with the respective cam face 22v of the cam shaft 18. The outer end of the rocker arm 19 is formed with forli arms 23 which sti'addle the upwardly extending tubular portion on they y cross headV and pivotally supported at 20..

The forked ends are .pivoted lto the links 26 by the pins 27 and said links 26 are pivotally connectedto the auxiliary piston 16 by the pins 25. rI`he means just described prol vides for movingV eachfof the auxiliary pistons 16 inwardly toward the crank shaft 1.

Each auxiliary piston 1 6 Ais restored to its outward or normal position by means of a spring 28 which is interposed between the piston v16 and a shoulder-29 within therespective cylinder 2'. n

The cam shaft 18 is driven by means'of a vertical transmission shaft 3'() arranged cengears '33 and 34 tothe cam vshaft 18. Power Y is Athus transmitted from the crank shaft to the cam shaft for operating all of .the 'rocker AEach of the lcylinders 2 is providedfwith .I an intake port 35 in conjunction with which I employ an automatic inwardly opening intake valve 36. In connection with each cylinder I also employ a bypass 36 for conducting the mixture compressed between the two pistons to the combustion chamber above or beyond the power piston 4. Each eylinder is also provided with an exhaust port 37 and in conjunction with each battery of cylinders 2 I employ a manifold or common tubular rotary positively acting exhaust valve 38, said rotary exhaust valve being' provided with a plurality of exhaust ports,

one port being used for each of the cylinders and said ports being arranged -so as to suecessively register with 4the ports 37 of the cylinders to provide vfor the exhaust of the burned gases therefrom at the proper inter-rV vals'. The downward stroke of piston 4Y ends at a 'point immediately above the inlet valve `36 and the upward stroke of vpiston 16' ends immediately below said valve so that the gases are compressed. between the two istons the ressure causing the 'iston 16 Y P a P e to move downwardly slightly against the action ofits spring. As lsoon as the piston 4 uncovers the upper end ofthe by-pass 36 on its downward stroke the compressed gases will flowy from the space `between the two pistons through the by-pass in'to the explosion'V chamber above piston4. Then the pis-v tons move away from each other vso that the4 mixture in the explosion'chamber iscom'- pressed by the piston 4 and this movement of the two pistons will suck V-in another charge through the inlet passage 35.

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The two rotary exhaust Vvalves are I driven by two upwardlydiverging operating shafts 39, each of which is connectedby.

bevel gears 40 and 41 tothe respective rotary exhaust valve. It lwill be noted that the gears 40V and 41 are so arranged that the ro- Y tary valves turn in opposite direction, the left hand valve preferably turningto the left and the valveof the right hand battery of cylinders turning to the right. vThe shafts 39 converge toward their lower ends Vwhere they are provided with gears 42arranged at opposite sides of and meshing with a cen-` tral gear 43 on the shaft 30 above referred' to. The last named shaft 30 thusdrives the cam shaft 18 and by means of the shaft 30`V Y also serves as a driving element for theretary exhaust valve 38.

Each battery of cylindersis provided with i au j a cylinder head block 44 shown-as provided trally of oneend of the engine and connected with two spark pluglopenings 45for eachY 12.5v Y 47r at the ,inner side of the battery of cyl-inders and adjacent to the inner or lowerpor-- tionl of the water jacket.

The lower portion ofthe engine each j end thereof'is closed by meansof lan" end,

frame piece'or'housing plate v48 having on the outside thereof a magnetol supporting' shelf or bracket 49. Ajhousing or cover plate 50 extendsover the cam shaft 18 and protects the same, said plate 50 being formed the working parts of the engine, the cam` shaft 18 is formed with a lubricant holding bore 52 and has an outlet opening through the wall thereof adapted intermittently to communicate with oil ducts '53 leading to the guide for the respective cross heads 6. Each cross head is also formed with oil ducts or passage 54 which communicates in the back and forth movement of the piston head with the oil passage or duct 53. Each passage 54 in turn communicates with a central longitudinal oil bore 55 in the respective piston rod 5, oil flowing from said last named passage through lateral passages 56 in the piston bore tothe piston and'cylinder walls. Oil will find itsway down the piston rod 5 and lubricate the rod where it passes through the auxiliary piston 16 and will also work its Way down to the wrist pin 8 and the connecting rod bearings, Other oil passages 57 lead from the tubular cam shaft downwardly to the main bearings of the crank shaft 1 so as to lubricate the latter.

The operation of the engine may be understood by reference to a. single cylinder, the same operation taking place in all of the cylinders at different times. As the two pistons are moving away from each other a charge of explosive mixture will be drawn into the cylinder between the two pistons and in the reverse movement of the pistons this charge will be compressed and as soon as piston 4 passes the upper end of the by-pass 36 this charge will pass into the explosion chamber above said piston 4. When the power piston is on its'working stroke, the charge between the two pistons is compressed and the spring under the auxiliary piston allows the latter to move away from the power piston, thereby proportionately reducing the resistance to the power piston during its working stroke. As soon however, as the power piston on its return stroke, uncovers the upper end of the by-pass 36 the auxiliary piston is moved toward the power piston by its spring, and the compressed mixture is thereby forced to the combustion chamber.

Due to the features above referred to, increased efficiency, power, smoothness of operation, a steady flow of energy, greater re-l therein, a sliding cross head, a crank shaft to whichl said cross head is connected, `a

piston rod connecting said cross head with. the ower iston an auxiliar iston in saidcylinder, and means whereby said auxiliary piston is actuated from-the crank shaft independently of the power piston" to inspire a charge, the cylinder having a by-pass ar-k ranged to be over-run by the power piston to permit the charge compressed between the two pistons to flow into the explosion chamber and spring means for causing the auxiliary piston to move toward the power piston to force the charge through the by-pass.

v 2, In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder,

therein, a sliding cross head, a crank shaft to which said cross head is connected, a piston rod connecting Vsaid cross head with the power piston, an auxiliary piston in said cylinder, and means wherebyV said auxiliary piston is actuated from the crank a reciprocatory power piston' therein, a sliding cross head, a crank shaft to which said cross head is connected, a

piston rod connecting said cross head with the power piston, an auxiliary piston in said cylinder, and means whereby said auxiliary piston is actuated from the crank shaft independently of the power piston toV inspire a charge, said means including a cam shaft driven from the crank shaft, and a rocker arm actuated by said cam shaft and connected with the auxiliary piston.`

4. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a reciprocatory power piston therein, a sliding cross head, a crank shaft towhich said cross head is connected, a piston rod connecting said cross head with the power piston, an auxiliary piston in said cylinder and means whereby said auxiliary piston'is actuated from the crank shaft independently of the power piston to inspire a charge, said means including a cam shaft driven from the crank shaft, a rocker arm, and links connecting said rocker arm and auxiliary piston and lying at opposite sides of the piston rod.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a reciprocating .power piston therein, a sliding cross head, a crank shaft to which said cross head is connected, a piston rod connecting said cross head ,with the so a reciprocatory power piston power piston, an auxiliary piston in 'said two pistons to pass to they Cylinder above cylinder', means whereby said auxiliary said power piston, a spring for returning piston is actuated from the crank shaftinthe auxiliary piston to its* normal position lo dependently of the power piston to inspire and exhaust means for the cylinder. a charge, the cylinder having a by-pass ar- In testimony whereof I affix my signaranged-to be overrun by the power piston ture.

to permit the charge compressed between the MICHAEL WOICULA. 

